The invention of the stethosope by Dr. Rene Laennec in 1816 was followed by further designs trying to improve the functioning of monaural stethoscopes by noted physicians in the 19th century. In 1852, Dr. George Cammann created a usauble Binaural stethoscope manufactured by George Tiemann & C0. in New York. In 1894, Robert CM Bowles designed the first membrane chestpiece that was originally a modification of the Cammann stethoscope. And in 1960, Dr. David Littmann designed and produced the modern day stethoscope that is the basic design still used by physicians today,.

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